Green oceans on early Earth, shaped by iron, pushed microbes to evolve light-absorbing tools that worked in green light.

The mystery of how multicellular life evolved has long baffled scientists, who’ve spent years trying to understand how solitary single-celled organisms began living in unison and triggered the ...

From about 4.5 to 2.5 billion years ago, the Sun was far fainter than today ... This problem of why the Earth was not heavily glaciated despite weak solar radiation has become known as the ...

At 2.5 billion years old and weighing in at 2.5 tonnes, the banded iron formation is so heavy that Museum engineers had to reinforce the floor underneath it in Hintze Hall. 'The rock tells a ...

Although Earth itself cohered into a planet around 4.5 billion years ago, most estimates suggest it took at least another 800 million years before the earliest lifeforms developed. But while ...

Perhaps the most compelling reason to understand “deep-time” climate change is in how it relates to the origin and evolution of life on Earth ... 3.9 to 2.5 billion years ago (Bya) (Figure ...

About 4.5 billion years ago, gravity coaxed Earth to form from the gaseous, dusty disk that surrounded our young sun. Over time, Earth's interior—which is made mostly of silicate rocks and ...

The calculations suggested 2.5 supernovas might affect Earth in some way every 1 billion years ... Late Devonian extinction event 372 million years ago and one at the end of the Late Ordovician ...