The reason Earth’s oceans may have looked different in the ancient past is to do with their chemistry and the evolution of ...

The changes in ocean chemistry were gradual. The Archaean period lasted 1.5 billion years. This is more than half of Earth’s ...

Tiny magnetic bacteria that live in tightly bound groups are showing scientists how life might have evolved complex, multicellular forms. These rare bacteria can’t survive alone – they depend on one ...

Chengdu University of Technology-led research has established a high-resolution astrochronological framework spanning ...

A new review of Triassic fossils from Germany reveals rich tetrapod diversity and links to modern biodiversity and climate ...

Earth’s earliest crust, formed over 4.5 billion years ago, has long been thought to have lacked the complex chemical features ...

The genetic code acts as life’s instruction manual, telling cells how to build proteins from DNA and RNA. Though it's a ...

The study also provides a new approach to solving one of the biggest enduring scientific mysteries: when did plate tectonics begin?

A new suggestion that complexity increases over time, not just in living organisms but in the nonliving world, promises to ...

Single-celled organisms that group together can generate stronger water currents to pull in food, a benefit that may have ...

In his lecture, Levine noted, the United States is planning a human mission to Mars that may begin as early as 2035. The ...