When seawater penetrates concrete in road tunnels, a biofilm is formed that breaks down the concrete. This can lead to high ...

Since 2014, researchers studying the Oslofjord tunnel have observed that bacteria can erode up to one centimeter of concrete annually. When a saltwater intrusion occurs, biofilms ...

Whether wood, concrete, or otherwise, exterior decking is continuously exposed to the elements. It’s why the long-lasting ...